Sowerby Bridge & District Pool League

Probably The Best Pool League You Can Play In
HOME PAGE
THE COMMITTEE
CONSTITUTION
GUIDELINES
RULES

FIXTURES

SUMMER 2025.

RESULTS & TABLES
ROLL OF HONOUR
MONTHLY MEETINGS
TEAM KNOCK-OUT COMPETITIONS
CONTACTS
LATEST NEWS
INDIVIDUAL COMPETITIONS
The 'OLD' Rules



Old EPA Playing Rules


1. THE GAME
The game shall be known as 8 Ball Pool and referred to in these rules as "The Game". It is intended that players and teams should play 8 Ball Pool in the true spirit of the game and in a sportsmanlike manner. It should be clearly understood that the referee is the sole judge of what is fair and unfair play. The referee will take whatever action is necessary to ensure that these rules are observed.
2. REQUIREMENTS OF THE GAME
The game is played on a rectangular 6-pocket table with 15 balls plus a cue ball. Balls comprise of two numbered groups, 1-7 which are solid coloured balls, 9-15 are striped coloured balls, the 8 ball is a solid colour black. Alternatively, the numerical groups 1-7 and 9-15 may be represented by two different sets of 7 coloured balls. Usually red replaces stripes (9-15), yellow replace solid (1-7). Balls in the two groups are known as object balls.
3. OBJECT OF THE GAME
The player or team pocketing all their group of object balls in any order, and then legally pocketing the 8 ball, wins the game.
4. COMMENCEMENT OF THE GAME (OR RE-START)
The balls are racked as illustrated on the rule sheet with the 8 ball (black) on the 8 ball spot, which is at the intersection of the centre and corner pockets.


Order of play is determined by the flip of a coin. The winner of the flip has the option of breaking, or requesting their opponent to do so.


The opening player plays at the triangle of object balls by striking the cue ball from any position on, or behind, the baulk line. An object ball must be pocketed, or at least TWO object balls hit any cushion. Failure to do so is a foul break and will result in the balls be re-racked as per rule sheet. The opposing player then starts the game with two visits.


If the 8 ball (black) is pocketed from the break shot, the balls will be re-racked and the game will be restarted by the same player. No penalty will be incurred. This applies even if other balls, including the cue ball, are pocketed, or leave the playing surface ("off the table").


On the first occasion a player legally pockets an object ball, including following a foul, then that ball denotes their group, unless one or more of both groups are pocketed, the player MUST then nominate a group before play continues.


If no object ball is pocketed from a legal break, then the players continue alternatively playing at either group until such a time as a legal pot is made, which decides the player's group.


If a foul is committed, (other than as in rule 4(D)), and one or more object balls are pocketed before playing groups are decided, then those balls are ignored in determining the groups to be played. The oncoming player may play at any ball on the table, including the 8 ball (black) for the first shot, the first legal pot to determine the group as in rule 4(E).


If a ball, or balls, are legally pocketed, this entitles the player to one additionaly shot and this continues until the player either:


Fails to pocket one of their own set of allocated balls, or;


Commits a foul at any time.


Combination shots are allowed, providing the player hits one of their own group first, or any ball with the first shot following any foul (see rule 6(C)).

5. FOULS
In off (cue ball pocketed).


Hitting an oppenents ball(s) with the cue ball on first impact of the cue ball, except with the first shot following any foul.


Failing to hit any ball with the cue ball, except where rule 8(C) applies.


Jump shot - defined as when the cue ball jumps over any part of any ball before making contact with any ball.


Hitting the 8 ball (black) with the cue ball on first impact of the cue ball before all their own group are pocketed, except with the first shot following any foul.


Potting any opponent's ball, except with the first shot following any foul.


Ball off the table.


Any object ball or the 8 ball (black), shall be returned to the 8 ball spot (see rule 4(A)), or as near as possible to that spot without touching any other ball, in direct line between that spot and the centre of the string line.


If the cue ball, then the cue ball played from in hand (see rule 8(B) general).


A ball shall be deemed "off the table" if it comes to rest anywhere other than on the bed of the table.


If a player's body or clothing should touch any ball. Except the cue ball after the referee calls a "foul", when the player is entitled to the cue ball in hand (see rule 6(B)).


Player not having at least part of one foot on the floor.


Playing or touching with the cue any ball other than the cue ball.


Striking the cue ball with any part of the cue other than the tip.


Playing out of turn.


Playing before all balls have come to rest.


Playing before any ball(s) require re-spotting.


Striking the cue ball with the cue more than once.


Push shot - defined as where the cue tip remains in contact with the cue ball for more than the momentary time commensurate with a normal stroked shot, or the cue tip remains in contact with the cue ball once it has commenced it's forward motion.


Failing to nominate when balls of both groups are pocketed with the first legal pot.


Foul break, failing to pot an object ball or drive
A player who clearly fails to make any attempt to play a ball of their own group will lose the game.

 

6. PENALTY FOLLOWING ANY FOUL
Following any foul the offending player loses their next visit to the table, giving their opponent two consecutive visits to the table


If the cue ball has come to rest on the playing surface, then the player having two visits may proceed to play from where the cue ball lies, or the cue ball may be played from any position on or behind the baulk line. Moving the cue ball in this manner does not count as a shot, or visit. (Players are to ask the referee to hand them the cue ball).

On the first shot only of the first visit, the oncoming player may, without nomination, play the cue ball on to any ball without penalty, including any opponent's ball(s), or 8 ball (black). If any object ball(s) is pocketed directly, or by combination, the player is deemed to have pocketed a legal ball(s), and continues with the first visit. However, the player must not pot the 8 ball (black), which would mean loss of game. Except if the player is on the 8 ball (black), then the game would be won. When the player fails to pot a ball on the first or subsequent shot of the first visit, play then continues with the second visit. The second visit is deemed to have started when the cue ball is struck on the first shot of the second visit.

7. LOSS OF GAME
If a player pockets the 8 ball (black) before all the balls in their own group, except on the break (see rule 4(D)), the player loses the game.


A player going in off the 8 ball (black) when the 8 ball (black) is pocketed, loses the game.


A player pocketing the 8 ball (black) and any other ball on the same shot will lose the game. Except following a foul when only the 8 ball (black) and ball(s) of the opponents group are on the table, then with the first shoy of the first visit, the player may legally pocket the 8 ball (black) as well as ball(s) of the opponent's group by any combination and in any order.

Please Note: These playing rules are no longer in use. They are here for the benefit of our members still using them to govern their local League. For the current EPA Playing Rules, please refer to the World Eightball Pool Federation Rules

 


8. GENERAL
Touching ball.


Touching opponent's ball or 8 ball (black), the player MUST play a ball of their own group. Except on the first shot of the first visit following any foul, this entitles the player to any ball.


Touching any ball the player is legally entitled to play. The player may choose either;


Play away from the touching ball, and be deemed to have played that ball. Should the cue ball fail to make contact with any ball, or strike the opponents ball, or 8 ball (black), then the shot is fair, no foul.


Play to move the touching ball, but great care should be taken not to play a push shot, (foul 5(P)), or contact the cue ball twice, (foul 5(O)). (Moving the object ball is not automatically a foul).



Cue ball in hand

When a player has the cue ball in hand, the ball is played from any position on, or behind, the string line, and in any direction.


Player in control

A player is said to be in control of the table from the time their body, cue, or clothing touches the table prior to their shot, throughout the visit, and up until the opponent does likewise prior to their visit. Any ball(s) which fall into pockets during this period, (including the 8 ball (black)).


Completion of game.

The game is completed when the 8 ball (black) is pocketed legally in any pocket, and all the remaining balls have come to rest, except on the break (see rule 4(D) ).

9. STALEMATE
Should any situation arise whereby a legal shot is IMPOSSIBLE to play, then the game shall be restarted by the player who started that frame, whether this situation has been arrived at by accident or design.

If in the opinion of the referee neither player is allowing the game to progress, or a stalemate situation has arisen, then the game shall be restarted by the player who started that frame. The referee shall not allow numerous visits with neither player making any attempt to make the opening pot which decides the playing groups (unless it is felt that progress is being made). If the player who started that frame did so by virtue of their opponent making a foul break, that player will break on any restart, not the opponent who made the foul break.
GUIDANCE
The term "SHOT" means striking the cue ball once.


The term "VISIT" refers to the one turn at the table comprising of one or a series of shots.


The term "BREAK" refers to the first shot of a game, or the first shot of a game being restarted.


Coaching is deemed unsportsmanlike behaviour. (see rule 1).


A referee may, only if requested, advise on the rules of the game.


INTERNATIONAL RULES:

SPIRIT OF THE GAME The game shall be known as ‘International eightball pool’ with rules that must be played in a sporting manner at all times. 2 EQUIPMENT & TABLE LAYOUT All equipment that is generally accepted throughout the industry is permitted. No other equipment is allowed unless ratified by the Tournament Director. However, using any equipment in a non-customary manner is never allowed and constitutes a foul. International eight-ball pool is played on a six-pocket rectangular table with six cushions. Equipment permitted: (a) A spotted white called a cue ball (b) Two groups of object balls consisting of seven reds and seven yellows (c) A striped eight-ball (d) Spider, rest, gooseneck rest, cross rest (e) Prescribed cues The playing surface is the flat part of the table bordered by the cushions. The surface must be marked with an eight-ball spot at the intersection of two imaginary diagonal lines joining the centre and corner pockets. The surface must be marked with a ‘rack line’. The rack line must be a 280mm vertical line going down through the eight-ball spot towards the top cushion (See Rule 5 for an illustration of the rack line). On the rack line must be two marker points, one for the head ball and the other for the black ball. The cloth is marked with a break line parallel to the bottom cushion 1/5th of the length of the table away from the baulk cushion. 3 THE OBJECT OF THE GAME International eight-ball pool is played with a spotted cue ball and fifteen object balls, seven red, seven yellow and a striped eight ball. One player must pocket all balls of one group, while the other player must pocket the alternate coloured balls. The player who pockets their entire group and THEN legally pockets the eight-ball wins the game. The eight-ball must be potted in a separate shot. 4 THE BREAK 4a - A “Lag for Break” shall determine who breaks first with an alternating break format taking place thereafter. The winner of the lag is the player whose ball is closest to the baulk cushion. The winner of the lag is given the choice to break or not. 4b - Lagging Procedure: (guidance, what should happen) (1) Balls shall be of equal size and weight (2) To start the lag the referee will count the players in by counting back from 3 to 1 (If a referee is present). (3) The players shall simultaneously strike balls (on the referee’s indication - if referee present) towards the top cushion. 4c - It is an automatic loss of lag if a ball: (1) Crosses into the opponent’s half of the playing surface OR (2) Fails to contact the top cushion OR (3) Drops into a pocket OR (4) Hits a side cushion OR (5) Jumps off the table OR (6) Comes to rest on the playing surface within the area of the corner pocket OR (7) Player commits any standard foul OR 4d - Players will lag again if: (1) Both players foul OR (2) The referee is unable to decide on which ball is closest to the bottom cushion OR (3) One player's ball strikes the top cushion before the other player’s ball is hit. In summary, the players shall simultaneously strike the balls towards the top cushion but if they don't strike simultaneously and one player's ball strikes the top cushion before the other player’s ball is hit will result in both players lagging again. 4e - To commence a frame, the player who is breaking, shall position the cue ball anywhere in baulk but MUST NOT position the cue ball over the break line by more than 50% of its diameter. 4f - The Break will be deemed a ‘Legal Break’ if the player breaking, obtains a minimum of three cumulative points. 1 point for each object ball potted (eight-ball included, so thus does count). 1 point for each object ball that has passed an imaginary line between the two centre pockets, that is not potted. A ball is deemed as having ‘passed’ the centre line if the whole ball is over the imaginary line. 4g - Failure to perform a legal break MUST result in a re-rack. The opponent has the option to break or to choose to give the break back to the original breaker. 4h - Groups are not decided on the break. The table remains open after the break. If the player in control of the table does not make a legal pot, the table is still deemed open for the incoming player. 4i - If the eight-ball is potted off the break, it is always re-spotted after all balls have come to rest on the table. To re-spot the eight ball, the centre point of the eight-ball is placed on the eight-ball spot or if this is not available as near as possible to the spot in a direct line between the spot and the centre of the top cushion. If there is no space available on this line, place the eight-ball as near as possible to its spot in a direct line between the spot and the bottom cushion. If the eight-ball is the ‘only ball potted on a legal break’ then control of the table goes to the incoming player. If it’s potted with other groups and the criteria of a legal break has been fulfilled, the breaker continues. 4j - If the cue ball on a legal break: (1) Goes “in-off”, a loss of turn occurs and the incoming player is awarded one visit with cue ball in hand, to be played from baulk, in any direction. (2) Leaves the playing surface, a standard foul will be called against the breaker, with the incoming player receiving one visit, played from anywhere on the playing surface. (See Rule 6l (1)) 5 THE RACK Arrange as shown with the eight-ball on the eight-ball spot. Top apex ball on the head marker of the rack line. (See the diagram to the right for an illustration of where the balls are racked in relation to the rack line). 6 IN PLAY 6a Deciding groups (1) Groups are decided on the first ball legally potted. The referee will call the first group in play. (2) The table is considered an “open” table when the choice of groups (red or yellow) has not yet been determined. The table is always open immediately after the break shot. Balls potted from the break are disregarded. The player’s designated group (red or yellow) will not be determined until a player legally pockets an object ball. Once groups are determined, object balls from a player’s group are referred to as ‘on’ ball(s). (3) Failure to make a legal pot results in the table remaining open. (4) If one of each group is potted in one shot, the player will be ‘on’ the group struck by the cue ball first unless a foul has occurred, in which case the table remains open. (5) Where the choice of group is not obvious. (e.g. player cues up to a group of object balls OR object balls of both groups sitting close to each other OR player is snookered behind the eight-ball OR the lay of the table is such no object ball is a clear target). (a) The player MUST indicate to the referee and/or the opponent the intended group. (b) Failure to call a group, after potting a ball, whilst the table is open, is loss of turn (See Rule 6d), the table remains open. (c) Failure to strike called group is loss of turn (See Rule 6d), the table remains open. (d) Striking a called group but potting the other group is loss of turn (See Rule 6d), the table remains open. (e) Potting a called group is a legal pot and the group is assigned to the striker. (f) The onus is on the player in control of the table, to make a call for the groups to be decided in a fair and sporting manner. (6) Groups are not decided on a foul shot. (7) In the event of a touching ball, you MUST indicate to the referee and/or opponent the intended group. See Rule 6o (2). 6b Continuing a frame In the course of play, if a legal shot is played and the balls(s) from the player’s own group are potted, play continues and the player is entitled to an additional shot. The player will lose their turn and return control of the table to the opponent if they: (a) Fail to pot one or more of their own group AND / OR (b) Commits a standard foul. 6c Combination shots Object balls from both groups can be potted without penalty in a single 'combination' shot. Combination shots do not have to be called. The potted balls may drop into the pockets in any order but 'on' ball must be struck legally first. Attempting to complete a combination shot that results in only potting ball not 'on' is LOSS OF TURN. 6d Loss of turn As long as the player strikes an 'on' ball first, should an opponent’s ball be potted without also potting an ‘on’ ball, it will be loss of turn. Control of the table returns to the opponent; the cue ball is played from where it lies. The only exception to this is during an open table where the choice of groups has yet to be decided, see point (4) below. For example: (1) Potting an opponent's ball accidentally. (2) Failing to complete a legal combination shot. (3) A tactical shot e.g. playing a designated group legally to pot an opponent’s ball. (4) Failure to call a group after potting a ball, whilst the table is ‘open’, if the group was not obvious. 6e Standard fouls Shall be called as soon as they occur, the fouling player is in control until all balls from that shot have come to rest. The incoming player is awarded one visit and a cue ball in hand which can be: (a) Played from its current position, or (b) Placed anywhere on the playing surface. The only exception to (a) is If the cue ball has come to rest and is touching an object ball and therefore must be repositioned. (1) Potting the cue ball - "In Off" (Except off the break - See rule 4j) (2) Playing from outside baulk when obliged to play from Baulk. The break line is considered to be part of the baulk. (See rule 4e) (3) A player who plays a shot immediately after playing a foul or immediately after the referee has called a foul on that player, has played out of turn. This also covers breaking out of turn. (4) Accidentally striking the cue ball with any part of the cue other than the tip in general play. Positioning the cue ball with the cue is allowed as long as the tip of the cue is not used. (5) Accidentally striking any ball other than the cue ball with any part of the cue or cue tip. (6) Playing a shot before all balls have come to rest from the previous shot. (7) Playing a shot before any balls that require re-spotting or replacing, have been re-spotted or replaced. (See Rule 6m). 6e Standard fouls (Continued) (8) Coaching: During a frame, a player is required to play without receiving any advice from other persons relating to the playing of the frame. If a team member or bona fide supporter of a player offers advice, the referee will issue a "First and final warning" to that person that a repetition will result in the player being penalised via a Standard Foul. Because it may not always be possible for the Referee to hear if a statement made to a player is advice, the referee may issue the first and final warning because any statement made to a player, other than general barracking, is deemed to be coaching. In a tournament setting, a first and final warning may be given once only, before the commencement of the day's play as a block warning to all players and spectators. (9) Leaving the playing area without permission. If a player needs to leave the playing area during a frame or match, "Time Out" must first be granted by the referee. A timeout may be called for: (a) When a player requests a rest or bridge OR (b) Something or someone is obstructing the player OR (c) The referee has to make a decision OR (d) The referee has to replace or re-spot a ball. (10) Playing a “Push Shot” (defined as when the tip of the cue remains in contact with the cue ball once it has commenced a forward motion). (11) Double-hitting the cue ball. (12) Failing to perform a “Legal Shot”. (13) Playing a shot while not having at least one foot touching the floor. (14) Failing to "Play Away" from a touching ball(s). (15) A ball that remains off the playing surface. (16) A player’s body, clothing, jewellery or accessory, or part of a cue (except for the tip in a legal shot), comes into contact with any ball. A tip falling off a cue or chalk dropped is the player’s responsibility. Should any of these contact a ball on the playing surface, it is deemed a foul. A player is responsible for their ‘own’ equipment brought to the table but not that which is ‘supplied’ by the competition itself. For example, If the end falls off a rest that has been ’supplied’ by the competition which contacts a ball, this is deemed not a foul. (17) Jump shot: If the cue ball leaves the bed of the playing surface and does not strike an object ball that it would have struck had the cue ball not left the playing surface on an otherwise identical shot, then the cue ball is deemed to have jumped over that ball. (18) Marking the table to assist a shot. (19) Time foul. 6f Loss of frame fouls (1) Deliberately not playing a ball from their own group first, or an “on” ball after a foul. (2) Unsporting behaviour / bringing the game into disrepute. Including but not exclusive to: (a) A second offence for Foul language (A verbal warning is given for the first offence) OR (b) Throwing a cue around / unscrewing as if to concede OR (c) Continually arguing with the referee or opponent OR (d) Interfering when the opponent is on the shot either verbally or physically. (3) Committing a foul in the same shot that the eight-ball is potted. (Except on the break) (4) Potting the eight-ball when a ball or balls of the player's own group are still on the table. (Except on the Break) Including potting the last group ball and eight-ball in the same shot. (5) A player who clearly and intentionally fails to make an attempt to play a ball(s) of their own group. (6) Potting the eight-ball legally, then proceed to move the remaining balls before they have come to rest. (7) Deliberately striking the cue ball with any part of the cue other than the tip in general play. Positioning the cue ball with the cue is allowed as long as the tip of the cue is not used. (8) Deliberately striking any ball other than the cue ball with any part of the cue or cue tip. (9) Deliberately moving a ball(s) other than playing as part of a shot. 6g Stalemate situation If any situation arises whereby a ‘legal shot’ (see Rule 6e(12)) cannot be played, It is a player's responsibility to ask for a stalemate. In other words, if there is not a path ‘out’ for the cue ball or not a path ‘into’ the ball 'on', in the first instance the player must ask for a stalemate if they believe a ‘legal shot’ cannot be played. A decision on whether a stalemate exists will be at the referee’s discretion. A referee will disregard a player's ability when making a stalemate decision. If the referee (or opponent - if no referee) confirms a stalemate, the frame shall be restarted with a re-rack. The player who originally broke will restart the re-racked frame. If no stalemate is confirmed, the players must continue their visit. 6h Frozen balls (1) An object ball is deemed frozen whilst touching a cushion. It is a standard foul if the cue ball initially contacts a frozen ball first and the shot does not result in: (a) A ball being potted OR (b) The cue ball contacting a cushion OR (c) The frozen ball contacting a cushion attached to a different rail OR (d) Any other object ball contacting a cushion, with which it was not already in contact with, before the shot is played. (2) A ball is only deemed frozen if confirmed by the referee or player, prior to the shot being taken. 6i Outside interference (1) There is no penalty if balls are moved in these circumstances: (a) By persons other than players taking part in the frame OR (b) As a result of players being bumped OR (c) Events deemed not within a player's control. (2) The referee will return the balls as close as possible to their original positions whenever possible. Re-racks will only be granted in extreme circumstances. The referee’s decision is final. (3) The referee can reset the shot clock if they consider the situation warrants. The decision is at the referee’s discretion. 6j Shot clock Each player is allotted 45 seconds for each shot. The tip of the cue must have made contact with the cue ball within this time or a standard foul shall be granted to the opponent. The 45-second shot clock will commence once all balls come to rest. The timekeeper will verbally count down from 5 seconds. One extension per frame is permitted per player, whereby the referee will add 15 seconds to the remaining time at the request of the player. 6k Balls falling into a pocket… A shot is ‘complete’ when all balls have come to rest. (1) After a shot is ‘complete’, any ball(s) that drops into a pocket, without being struck, will be replaced to their original positions. A shot is ‘in progress’ when the cue ball has been struck and all the balls have not come to a rest. (2) During a shot ‘in progress’, any ball(s) that drops into a pocket, without being struck and wouldn’t have been played as part of a shot, shall be replaced to their original positions after all balls have come to rest. (3) During a shot ‘in progress’, any ball(s) that drops into a pocket, without being struck and would have been played as part of a shot, in this instance ALL BALLS will be replaced to their original positions after all balls have come to rest. Following the balls having been reset to their original positions, the original player will always continue with no penalty, unless: (a) A foul had been committed or (b) The original player failed to pot a ball ‘on’ (the exception to this is rule (3) where the original player will always continue). 6l Balls off the playing surface It is a ‘standard foul’ if a ball leaves the playing surface at any point during the frame AND does not return by its own means and remains off the playing surface (other than being potted) (1) If it is the cue ball, then it is ball in hand, to be played anywhere on the table. (2) Object balls are re-spotted (See Rule 6m). 6m Returning object balls which leave the playing surface and remain off the table An object ball is re-spotted with its centre point on the eight-ball spot or as near as possible to that spot in a direct line between the spot and the centre point of the top cushion. Object balls are re-spotted in the following order: (a) Eight-ball (b) Red (c) Yellow Return balls as close as possible to other balls without touching. 6n Player responsibility It is the responsibility of each player to be aware of all rules. However, a referee on request may advise on the rules of the game but must not provide any subjective opinion that would affect the result of the frame. Tournament officials will make every reasonable effort to make the information readily available to all players. However, the ultimate responsibility rests with each individual player. There is no recourse if a player does not obtain correct or complete information. Players may always call for rule(s) clarification during play. However, this is not considered a “Time Out”. 6o Touching balls (1) A player must play away from ‘ALL’ touching balls at an angle perpendicular (90 degrees) or greater than and fulfil the requirements of a ‘legal shot’. A player shall not be penalised If playing away from touching ball(s) causes any touching ball to rock or move slightly because it was ‘resting’ on the cue ball. (2) If the table is ‘open’ and touching ball(s) have been confirmed, the player must, in the following order: (a) Nominate a group. (This is for clarity of the shot, and not to decide a group for the remainder of the frame) See Rule 6a (1) on deciding groups. (b) Perform all the requirements of a ‘legal shot’. (3) If the groups have been decided and touching ball(s) has been confirmed, the player must perform all the requirements of a ‘legal shot’. (4) If the cue ball is touching an 'on' ball, the player is deemed to have made ‘initial contact’ in order to fulfil the requirements of a ‘legal shot’. 6p Legal shot DEFINITION - To play a ‘legal shot’ the player must cause the cue ball’s initial contact to be with a ball 'on' and THEN must either: (a) Pot any ball or balls (except the eightball if not ball ‘on’) OR (b) Cause the cue ball or any object ball to contact a cushion. The ‘cushion’ is defined as the six rails and the six pockets of a pool table. 6q Simultaneous contact Simultaneous contact of object balls is allowed as long as one of the contacted object balls is ‘on’. 7 COMPLETION OF A FRAME A frame is over when the eight-ball is potted on a legal shot and all the balls have come to rest or in a ‘loss of frame’ situation.
The 'WORLD' Rules
 
 
The Spirit of the Game
The game is known as Eight-Ball Pool. It is expected that players will always play the game in the true spirit and in a sporting manner. The referee will take whatever action is necessary to ensure that the spirit and rules of the game are observed.
B. Equipment
The game of Eight-Ball Pool is played with:-

A "Cue Ball" - being a white ball.


Fifteen "Object balls" - consisting of:-


"Colours" - being a group of seven red balls (or balls numbered 1-7) and a group of seven yellow balls (or balls numbered 9-15).


The "Eight-Ball" - being a black ball marked with a number "8".


A six pocket rectangular Pool Table with general characteristics as follows:


The cloth will be marked with a "Spot" at the position where a straight line drawn diagonally from the centre of a side pocket to the centre of a corner pocket would intersect with a straight line drawn from the centre of the opposite side pocket to the centre of the other corner pocket.


The cloth will be marked with a "Baulk Line" being a straight line drawn from cushion to cushion, parallel to, and one fifth of the length of the table from, the face of the cushion that lies the greatest distance from the spot.

C. Definitions
Shot: A "Shot" begins when all balls stop moving from the previous shot. A player "Plays a Shot" by striking the Cue Ball with the tip of the cue. A "Shot" ends when all balls stop moving from the current shot.


Play: To "Play" and Object Ball is to play a shot that results in the Cue Ball's first contact with another ball to be with that Object Ball. To "Play" the cue ball is to strike it with the tip of the cue.


Ball On: At any time during a frame, a ball "On" is any Object Ball that the player may play without incurring a penalty.


Pot: A ball is "Potted" when it leaves the bed of the table, enters a pocket and remains in that pocket.


Visit: A "Visit" comprises one shot or a series of shots. Each visit lasts until the player fails to pot a ball "On". (Or until a foul is committed or the frame ends).


Turn: A players "Turn" at the table comprises one visit or, after most fouls committed by the opponent, two visits.


Frame: A "Frame" is one game of Eight-Ball Pool between two players or two pairs of players. A frame is played from the opening break and usually through until the Eight-Ball is potted. (Note: there are other ways that a frame may end - see "Loss of Frame").


Match: A "Match" is a predetermined number of frames of Eight-Ball Pool between two players, two pairs of players or two teams of players.


Player in Control: A player (and the player's partner in doubles) is deemed to be "In Control" of the frame from the time that the balls stop moving from the final shot of an opponent's turn until the balls stop moving from the final shot of the player's turn. There can be no instance, once a frame has commenced, that someone is not in control.

D. Object of the Game
The object of the game is to win by being the first player to Pot a group of colours in any order and in any pocket and then Pot the Eight-Ball in any pocket.


When "On" a group of colours, potting more than one ball of that Colour in the same shot is allowed. But a separate shot must be played to pot the Eight-Ball and win the game.

E. Playing from Baulk
"Baulk" is the rectangular area of the table that is bordered by the Baulk Line and the three cushions at that end of the table.


When playing from Baulk:-


The centre point of the Cue Ball must be in Baulk when a shot is played. (If the centre of the Cue Ball is directly on the Baulk Line it is not deemed to be in Baulk.)


The Cue Ball can be moved into position by hand or with the shaft of the cue, but when touched by the tip of the cue, a shot is deemed to have been played.


The Cue Ball may be played in any direction.


If a player wishes to play from Baulk after a "Foul Snooker", "Foul Jaw Snooker", or "Time Foul" the player must verbally advise the referee of this choice and the referee will then recover the Cue Ball and hand it to the player or place it on top of, and in the centre of, the cushion at the Baulk end of the table for the player to retrieve by hand. If the player touches or recovers the Cue Ball it is a Standard Foul. {see(K) Standard Fouls (21)}.


After an "In Off","Foul Snooker","Foul Jaw Snooker", or "Time Foul" the player must endeavour to position the Cue Ball so as not to create a Foul Snooker. If the player claims a Foul Snooker from Baulk, the referee may choose to move the Cue Ball around to determine if there is any position in Baulk where the player would not be Foul Snookered. Whether such a position is found or not, the referee will announce the result and hand the Cue Ball back to the player or place it on top of, and in the centre of, the cushion at the Baulk end of the table for the player to retrieve by hand.

F. The Break
The object balls are racked with the Eight-Ball on the Spot.


In the absence of any competition / tournament rules to the contrary, a coin will be tossed to determine which player will break. If a series of frames is to be played (A Match), the break of each subsequent frame will alternate.


The first shot of a frame is called the "Break". To "Break". the Cue Ball is played at the triangle of Object Balls from Baulk. The frame is deemed to have commenced the instant that the Cue Ball is played.



The Break will be deemed a "Fair Break" if:-


At least one Colour is potted.
and/or

Four Object Balls (at least) are driven to a cushion.


If the Break is not a Fair Break it is a Non-Standard Foul and:-


The opponent is awarded two visits.

The balls are re-racked.

The opponent re-starts the game and is under the same obligation to achieve a Fair Break.



If the Cue Ball is potted on a Fair Break it is a Non-Standard Foul that is penalised by the turn passing to the opponent.

If the break is not a Fair Break and the Cue Ball is potted, the penalty for failure to perform a Fair Break applies. (see (b) above).


If the Eight-Ball is potted on any break, the balls are re-racked and the same player will break again. When the Eight-Ball is potted on the break, all other aspects of the shot are ignored. (Except if a Serious Foul or breech of the "Spirit of the Game" occurs).



G. Legal Shot
On all shots, the player must:-


Cause the Cue Ball's initial contact with a ball to be with a ball "On",
AND THEN

Pot a ball "On" OR Cause the Cue Ball or any Object Ball to contact a cushion.


Failure to play a Legal Shot is a Standard Foul.


Exceptions:


On the Break, the conditions of a Legal Shot do not apply. (see (F) The Break)


When playing out of a Total Snooker a player is only obliged to meet the conditions of (1)(a) above. (see (Q) Total Snookers).


Interpretations:


If the Cue Ball's initial contact is with an Object Ball that is touching a cushion, simply forcing that Object Ball into the same cushion does not constitute a Legal Shot.


If the Cue Ball and the Object Ball are touching the same cushion, simply forcing the Cue Ball and / or that Object Ball into the same cushion does not constitute a Legal Shot.

H. Deciding Colours
General


When Colours have not been decided the table is deemed to be "Open". When the table is open a player may play at either group of Colours.


Colours can never be decided on a foul shot.


Once Colours are decided, the player remains "On" that coloured group for the duration of the frame. The opponent remains "On" the opposite coloured group.


Playing a shot after neglecting to nominate a choice of Colours is a Standard Foul. Any balls potted on such a shot are left in the pocket and ignored for the purpose of deciding Colours.


On the Break


If no Colours are potted on the break the table is "Open".


If one or more Colours are potted on the break the player then has a right and obligation to verbally advise the referee of a choice of Colour before proceeding. Failure to do so is a Standard Foul. If a player is fouled under this rule the opponent faces an "Open" table.



if the player nominates a Colour that was potted on the break, the player is on that Colour no matter what happens next.
if the player nominates a Colour that was not potted on the break, to be on that Colour, the player must pot a ball of that Colour on the next shot.


After the Break


If a player pots one or more balls of the same Colour, the player is then "On" that Colour.


If a player pots one or more balls of different Colours, the player then has a right and obligation to verbally advise the referee of a choice of Colour before proceeding. Failure to do so is a Standard Foul. If a player is fouled under this rule, the opponent faces an "Open" table.

I. Time Allowed
A player has a maximum of sixty seconds to play each shot.


The Referee will start timing when all balls have come to rest from the previous shot.


If the first thirty seconds elapses before a shot is played, the referee will call "Thirty Seconds" as a warning to the player. This call must be made the instant the thirty seconds has expired. A Referee should not postpone the call because it appears that the player is about to play a shot.


If a shot is not played within sixty seconds it is a Non-Standard Foul. The oncoming player is awarded two visits from:-


Where the Cue Ball lies, OR, if the player wishes


From Baulk


The referee may decide to grant "Time Out". being a period when timing ceases:-


At the request of a player. (For example, something is obstructing the player or the player needs to leave the playing area.) AND/OR


Because the referee deems that it is warranted. (For example, the referee may call time out when making a close foul snooker decision or when searching for a piece of equipment requested by a player.)

J. Fouls
There are four types of foul. Standard Fouls, Non-Standard Fouls, Serious Fouls and Loss of Frame Fouls. A player can only be penalised for one foul at a time. If two or more fouls are committed during a shot, the foul that carries the most severe penalty will apply except in the case of a Time Foul, where the incoming player has the right to "Ball in hand", penalty for Time Foul still applies, even though a Serious Foul has been called and applied.
K. Standard Fouls
Standard fouls are to be called by the referee as soon as they occur and the fouled player is in control, until all balls from that shot come to rest. The referee then awards two visits to the opponent.


Potting the Cue Ball - "In Off" {except on a Fair Break - see (F) The Break (4)(c)(1)}. The incoming player plays from Baulk {see (E) Playing from Baulk (d)(1)}.


Playing from outside Baulk when obliged to play from Baulk. {see (E) Playing from Baulk (2)(a)}


Potting an opponent's ball. (except when it is the properly nominated ball following a Foul Snooker or Foul Jaw Snooker)


Failing to cause the Cue Ball's initial contact with a ball, to be with a ball "On".


Accidentally striking the Cue Ball with any part of the cue other than the tip.


Accidentally striking an Object Ball with any part of the cue.


Playing a shot before all balls have come to rest from the previous shot.


Playing a shot before any balls that require spotting, have been spotted.



Touching the table while having a cigarette (lit or unlit) in hand or mouth.


Causing a cigarette (lit or unlit) to touch the table or enter the space directly above the table.


Touching the table while having a beverage container in hand.


Causing a beverage container or beverage to touch the table or enter the space directly above the table.


Touching the table when not in control of the frame. {see(C) Definitions (9) - Player in Control.} Exception - When a player's turn is finished, that player has a maximum of 10 seconds to move away from the table. (see 11 below)


Not moving away from the table within 10 seconds of the time that all balls stopped moving from the final shot of a turn at the table.


Coaching:- During a frame, a player is required to play without receiving any advice from other persons relating to the playing of the frame. Should a team member or bona-fide supporter of a player offer advice, the referee will issue a "First and Final Warning" to that person that a repetition will result in the player being penalised via a Standard Foul.
Because it may not always be possible for the Referee to hear if a statement made to a player is advice, the referee may issue the First and Final Warning on the grounds that any statement made to a player, other than general barracking, is deemed to be coaching.
In a tournament setting, a First and Final warning may be given once only, before the commencement of the day's play as a block warning to all players and spectators


Leaving the playing area without permission. If a player needs to leave the playing area during a frame or match, "Time Out" must firstly be granted by the referee. {see (I) Time Allowed (5)}


Playing a shot after neglecting to nominate a choice of Colour when the obligation and right to do so existed. {see (H) Deciding Colours (1)(e)}


Playing a push shot or Double Hit of a type defined in (O) Push Shots and Double Hits.


Failing to perform a "Legal Shot". {see (G) Legal Shot}


After being awarded a Foul Snooker or Foul Jaw Snooker:- Playing an opponents ball or the Eight Ball without first nominating that ball.


Playing a shot while not having at least one foot touching the floor.


Failing to "Play Away" from a touching ball. {see (T) Touching Balls (1)(a)}.


A ball remaining off the table. {see (U) Balls Off the Table}


Players body or clothing touching any ball

L. Non-Standard Foul
Non-Standard Fouls are to be called by the referee as soon as they occur and the fouled player is in control, until all balls from that shot come to rest. The referee will then impose the relevant penalty. Non-Standard Fouls are so called because the penalty and / or options of the incoming player may vary.


Failure to perform a Fair Break. {see (F) The Break (4)(a)&(b)}


Failure to play a shot within 60 seconds of the time that the balls came to rest from the previous shot. {see (I) Time Allowed (4)}.


Potting the Cue Ball on a Fair Break. {see (F) The Break (4)(c)(1)}

M. Serious Standard Fouls
Serious Fouls are to be called by the referee as soon as they occur and the fouled player is in control, until all balls from that shot come to rest. The referee will replace the balls as near as possible to the positions they were in before the Serious Foul was committed and award two visits to the opponent.


Playing a shot out of turn (accidentally or deliberately).



A player who plays a shot at any time during a frame when the right to do so does not exist has played out of turn. (For example, A player who plays a shot immediately after playing a foul or immediately after the referee has called a foul on that player, has played out of turn.)

Exception - A shot played out of turn accidentally, that disrupts the balls to such an extent that the Referee deems it impossible to replace them, the Referee will give the opponent the choice of either playing the ball from where they lie or replaying the frame. If the frame is replayed the same player is to break again.


Deliberately striking a ball other than the Cue Ball with the tip of the cue.


Deliberately causing any ball or balls to be moved in a manner other than that which may result from playing a normal shot.


Deliberately striking the Cue Ball with other than the tip of the cue.


Causing the Cue Ball to jump over any ball. (If the Cue Ball leaves the bed of the table and misses an Object Ball that would have been struck had the Cue Ball not left the table on an otherwise identical shot, the Cue Ball is deemed to have jumped over that Object Ball.)


Deliberately interfering, by word or action, so as to disrupt an opponents play.

N. Loss of Frame Fouls
Committing a foul in the same shot that the Eight Ball is potted. (Except on the Break).


Potting the Eight Ball when a ball or balls of the player's own Colour are still on the table. (except on the Break)


Potting the Eight Ball and the last ball or balls of the player's own Colour in the same shot


Committing two Serious Fouls in the one frame.


Committing a Serious Foul that disrupts the balls to such an extent that the referee deems it impossible to replace them as close as possible to their original positions.


Any deliberate attempt to prevent the opponent from potting the Eight Ball, when the opponent is on the Eight Ball, by way of a Serious Foul or other unsporting manoeuvre.


If a player breeches the "Spirit of the Game" to such an extent that the frame (or match) should be awarded to the opponent.

O. Push Shots and Double Hits
Definitions: Most shots commonly known as "Push Shots" in the game of "Snooker" are allowed in the game of Eight-Ball Pool. Generally, any shot played with speed will not be deemed to be a Push Shot regardless of the fact that the cue tip may have come into contact with the Cue Ball more than once.


Exceptions that are Standard Fouls:-


When, during the playing of a shot, the tip of the cue strikes the Cue Ball twice and the referee is able to actually see each contact.


When, during the playing of a shot, a player plays the cue so slowly through the Cue Ball that the cue tip remains in contact with the Cue Ball so as to be visibly pushing it along.


When the Cue Ball is played into a touching Object Ball. {see (T) Touching Balls}

P. Snookers
Definition: A player is Snookered when it is impossible to play the finest cut possible on both sides of any of that player's own Colour by way of a "straight-line" shot. Snookering an opponent is not a foul.


A player cannot be Snookered by a ball of the player's own Colour. That is, if one of the player's own coloured group is an obstructing ball, it will be ignored for the purposes of determining a Snooker.


A player cannot be Snookered on an Object Ball if the Cue Ball is touching that Object Ball.


A player cannot be Snookered by the straight sections of the cushions. If a straight section of a cushion is preventing the finest possible cut on the side of an Object Ball, that section of cushion will be deemed not to exist for the purposes of determining a Snooker on that Object Ball.
Exception - In a Total Snooker the straight sections of cushion DO come into consideration. If a player has to strike a cushion prior to impact with a "Ball On", then a "Total Snooker" does exist


If an Object Ball is partly obscured by a curved section (Jaw), this in itself does not constitute a Snooker.

Q. Total Snookers
Definition: A player is in a Total Snooker when it is impossible to play any part of any of the player's own Colour by way of a "straight line" shot. Leaving an opponent in a Total Snooker is not a foul.


If a player believes that a Total Snooker exists, the player may ask the referee for a ruling.


If the referee rules that a Total Snooker exists, the player's obligations under the "Legal Shot" rule are relaxed as follows:- The player need only cause the Cue Ball's initial contact to be with a ball "On". The requirement to pot a ball and / or cause a ball to strike a cushion is waived.

R. Foul Snookers
Definition: When an opponent plays a foul shot and this results in the incoming player being snookered, the incoming player is deemed to be Foul Snookered.


If a player believes that a Foul Snooker exists, the player may ask the referee for a ruling.


If the referee rules that a foul snooker exists, the player initially has the following options:-


Play the Cue Ball from where it lies. {see (4)(a) below} OR


Ask the referee to remove the Cue Ball so as to allow the player to play from Baulk. {see (4)(b) below }




If the player chooses to play the Cue Ball from where it lies, the player may, if the player wishes, nominate the Eight Ball (but see (5) below) or any one of the opponent's Colour. The player can nominate a particular ball by verbal description of it or its position or by pointing at it. The Referee may ask for further information if any doubt exists as to which ball has been nominated.
Once nominated, a ball is deemed to "become one" of the player's Colour for the first shot of the first visit. The player may then play any of the player's own Colour or the nominated ball. If any of the player's Colour and/or the nominated ball are potted, the player continues with the first visit.


If the player chooses to play the Cue Ball from Baulk, a Foul Snooker may no longer exist. In this case the procedure under the heading (E) Playing from Baulk (2)(d) &(2)(e) should be followed. If the referee decides that a Foul Snooker does still exist, the player may nominate a ball and follow the procedure in (4)(a) above.


If the Eight Ball is nominated it may be played, but potting it will mean loss of frame.


If a player is "On" the Eight Ball and Foul Snookered:- The player may play a nominated ball or the Eight Ball and pot either or both of these balls, directly or indirectly, in any pocket or pockets.
Assuming the player does not commit a foul:-

If neither the Eight Ball or the nominated ball is potted, the player's first visit is complete.
If the nominated ball is potted and the Eight Ball is not, the player continues with the first visit.
If the nominated ball and the Eight Ball are potted, the player wins the frame.
If the Eight Ball is potted and the nominated ball is not, the player wins the frame.


If a Foul Snooker exists and the Cue Ball is touching an opponent's ball or balls, the player may, but is not obliged to, nominate one of those touching balls.

S. Foul Jaw Snookers
If an opponent fouls and the Cue Ball come to rest on or near a Jaw (curved part of a cushion), and that jaw is preventing the player from playing the finest cut possible on both sides of any of that player's own colour by way of a "straight line shot, the player is deemed to be Foul Snookered and all the rules pertaining to Foul Snookers will apply.
T. Touching Balls
General


If the Cue Ball is touching an Object Ball, the player is obliged to "Play Away" from that Object Ball at an angle of more than 90 degrees. (That is, play the shot without causing the Cue Ball to make any initial further contact with that Object Ball)


If, when playing away from a touching ball, the touching ball rocks or moves without being contacted further, but simply because the Cue Ball is no longer there, no penalty will apply.


When Colours have been decided:-


Playing away from a touching Object Ball of the player's own Colour:-
The instant a player plays away from a touching Object Ball of the player's own Colour, the player is deemed to have played that ball. Therefore, the player needs to then only pot a ball or cause any ball to strike a cushion to fulfill all the requirements of a Legal Shot.


Playing away from a touching Object Ball of the opponent's Colour.
The player must play away from the touching ball and then meet all the requirements of a Legal Shot.



Playing away from the touching Eight Ball when "On" the Eight Ball.
The player must play away from the touching Eight Ball and then need only cause any ball to strike a cushion to fulfill the requirements of a Legal Shot.
Playing away from the touching Eight Ball when not "On" the Eight Ball.
The player must play away from the touching Eighth Ball and the meet all the requirements of a Legal Shot.


Playing away from two or more touching Object Balls:-


If any of the touching Object Balls are of the player's Colour, the player will be deemed to have played away if the player plays away from any one of the touching balls of the player's Colour. That is, the player may play into any of the other touching balls. The player needs then to only pot a ball or cause any ball to strike a cushion to fulfill the requirements of a Legal Shot.
If none of the touching Object Balls are of the players coloured group, the player must play away from all the touching balls and then meet all the requirements of a Legal Shot.


When Colours have yet to be decided:-


Playing away from a touching Coloured Ball
The instant a player plays away from a touching Object Ball the player is deemed to have played that ball. Therefore, the player needs to then only pot a ball or cause any ball to strike a cushion to fulfill all the requirements of a Legal Shot.


Playing away from a touching Eight Ball
The player must play away from the touching Eight Ball and then meet all the requirements of a Legal Shot.


Playing away from two or more touching Object Balls.
If the player plays away from any of the touching Coloured Balls the player is deemed to have played that ball. That is, the player may play into any of the other touching Object Balls. The player needs to then only pot a ball or cause any ball to strike a cushion to meet all the requirements of a Legal Shot.

U. Balls off the Table
It is Standard Foul if a ball leaves the playing surface (other than being potted) and remains off the playing surface or doesn't return by its own means.


Definitions / Examples


"Playing Surface":- The playing surface of the table is the flat part of the table between the cushions.


"By its own means":-
It is not a foul if a ball leaves the playing surface, runs along the top of a cushion, drops back on to the playing surface and comes to rest there or falls into a pocket.
It is a Standard Foul if a ball leaves the playing surface, comes into contact with a person or object that is not a part of the table and then returns to the playing surface.


"Off the Table":- It is a Standard Foul if a ball leaves the playing surface and comes to rest on other than the playing surface. (e.g. On the floor or on the top of a cushion)


"Spotted":- A ball is spotted when its centre point is placed on the spot or, if this is not possible, as near as possible to the spot in a direct line between the spot and the centre point of the cushion that lies the greatest distance from the Baulk Line. If this is not possible, as near as is possible to the spot, in a direct line between the spot and the centre point of the baulk line.

If any of the following balls require spotting, they are spotted in the following order:-
Eight Ball then
Red Balls in any order (or balls numbered 1 to 7 in numerical order) then
Yellow Balls in any order (or balls numbered 9 to 15 in numerical order)
Spotted balls should be placed as close to each other and any intervening balls as possible, without touching.


If a ball leaves the playing surface and remains off the playing surface, it shall be returned to the table:-


If it is a Cue Ball it is to be played from Baulk.


If it is an Object Ball (or Balls) it is to be Spotted.

V. Balls Falling Without Being Hit
Any ball that falls into a pocket at any time, without being struck, shall be replaced by the Referee to its original position, no penalty, player in control continues with the visit.
If any other balls are moved in these circumstances they shall also be replaced as near as possible to their original positions and the player in control continues with that visit.

W. Interference
If any balls are moved during a frame:-


By a person other than the players taking part in the frame or,


As a direct result of one of the players being bumped or,


Due to any other event deemed outside the players' control such as:-
"An Act of God" such as an earthquake etc
Tip falling off a cue or end falling off a spider etc,
The referee will replace the balls as near as possible to the positions they were in before the incident occurred, no penalty shall be imposed on either of the players and the frame shall continue.




The referee will prevent any unauthorised marking of the table. If a player causes a block of billiard chalk or other foreign matter to be on any part of the table it is not a foul. However, the referee will ensure that the item is removed.


If a player repeatedly causes a block of billiard chalk or other foreign matter to be on any part of the table the referee may deem that the player has breached the Spirit of the Game and award the frame to the opponent.


Exception to (a) above:- A cigarette or beverage container. {see (K) Standard Fouls (9)}

X. Impossible Shot
A situation may arise during a frame where it is impossible for a player to play a shot without fouling. In such a situation the player has no other option but to commit a foul.
Y. Stalemate
The referee shall declare a Stalemate if both the player and the opponent have three turns in succession where the Cue Ball fails to make contact with an Object Ball. In such a case, the frame will be replayed with the same player breaking.
Z. Referee's Guideline and Duties
The Referee's Duties and Guidelines listed below supplement those directions contained in various other sections of these rules.


The Referee's decision is final except where players have been advised that it is possible to appeal to a Head Referee or other higher authority.


Information to be disclosed / not disclosed by a referee:-


A player is responsible for knowing the rules of the game. It is not the referee's duty to explain or quote the rules to a player.
A referee, if asked by a player, may divulge certain information pertaining to the frame in question under the guidelines of the "Past, Present and Future Rule". A referee may divulge information relating to any past event or present situation in the frame. For example:- "Who's turn is it?" - Present. "Was that a foul?" - Past. Which Colour am I On?" - Present. However, "If I play this shot will it be a foul?" is a question regarding the Future and the referee should advise the player that the referee cannot answer this type of question.


The referee shall toss a coin to determine the break and announce the result.


If an Object Ball (or balls) is potted on the break the referee will advise both players of this fact by announcing "Ball (or balls) potted". When a player has a right and an obligation to nominate a choice of Colour, and does so, the referee will announce "Player 'A' On Red (or Yellow) Balls". When that player's turn is complete the referee w ill advise the incoming player of the situation by announcing "Player 'B' on Yellow (or Red ) Balls".



The Referee will call fouls as soon as they occur.
The call for a Standard Foul is "Foul, Two Visits".
The call for a Non-Standard Foul is "Foul, (and announce the relevant penalty)."
The call for a Serious Foul is "Serious Foul, Two Visits".
The call for a loss of Frame Foul is "Loss of Frame".



After a player has been awarded two visits the referee will make no call until the player fails to pot a ball "On". (Except for 30 second time warnings and for any fouls that may occur) The referee will then call "Second Visit" to advise the player that the first visit is complete and the second visit is about to begin.


The referee will call any instance when the Cue Ball is touching a ball "On".


In the absence of any competition / tournament rules to the contrary, two referees will referee each frame. One referee will make the standard calls such as "Second Visit" and a "Player a on Red (or Yellow) Balls" while the other referee will keep the time. Both referee's will be involved in the refereeing of the frame and either can call fouls. If one referee calls a foul, the other referee can not overrule the call. That is, the two referees have equal authority.